Karl Marx (1818-83) and his collaborator F. Engels (1820-95) are getting rest in their graves. Almost one and quarter century has gone, in these years world has totally changed : Two world wars, end of colonial system. origin of world institutions (UNO, WTO, World Bank etc), emerging new trend of socialism in Latin American countries, Internet revolution, war against terrorism, Arab Spring, and world economic crisis are major characteristics of present.
Communist and Marxist movement extended with Russian Revolution (1917) and finally spread out all over the world after second world war. With construction of political, social, industrial institution, in newly free countries. Debate of philosophy which is known as debate within idealism and materialim converted into Marxism and non Marxism and Capitalist and socialist thinking. A new component Leninism had combined with Marxism. Leninism and Marxism becomes the ideology of communist movement.
After 1990, with collapse of Communist Party rule in USSR and eastern European countries debate started about validity of Marxism. The debate would have been ended if in 2008 world economic crisis has not broken out. After extending of world economic crisis Marxist philosophy became again center of debate .
Today's various literary and internal tendencies have emerged in Marxism. Let me first clear three concepts : Marxian Thinking, Marxism and Communist. Meaning of Marxsian Thinking of orginal text of Karl Marx, Marxism stands for follower, and communist stands for a political movement. What is difference within a Marxist and a Communist? To be a Communist it is condition to get membership of any Communist Party, but to be a Marxist is a condition to agree with Karl Marx and V. Lenin. And what is relation within Marxism and Communist movement? Marxism is a theortical base of communist movement. The fundamental of Marxism is base on Marx's text, but not limited,
It is a condition to understand the Marxian philosophy to divide into two categories. If dialectical materialism and historical materialism and socialism is one side then Das capital is other side. Economics and socialism are contemporary sciences and other two are historical. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism is not bound to change according to the period but rest of two will change with time. Socialism is as concept of problem free society; an imagination of humans. But Marxian philosophy recognize the socialism as a political philosophy of communist movement.
Nowdays the contemporary part of Marxian thinking and his political philosophy has no relevance. No political party can win in election on ground of class struggle. The fundamental agents of civilization: scientification, industrialization, urbanization, migration, democratization, criminalisation and internationalisation are based on unification and diversification of quality of labour. Class straggle a form of conflict is as other types of conflicts are existing in society.
What Marx traced out a problem of exploitation in history and society is a real problem. But what suggest the solution of problem failed to meet in reality. What is problem of human history? It is a serious contradiction of hauman history and society : production of all social assets are part of division of labour and law or representation and distribution of social assets are part of theory of marriage and law of inheritance. Due to this reason richer are becoming richer and poorer are becoming poorer, generation to generation.
At present in USA 40% children are getting birth out of wed-lock relations. Surely these children will not get any property in heirtance. No body knows name of father of these children and mothers are caring with assistance of state. In spite of this there is no political demands to stop the marriage and no social scientist has present any new theory. It is interesting fact of USA society elite class is efforting to realive the theory of marriage in poorer. In other hand, here in India, only those people who are living in slums, in megacities or capitals, are most suffered people. They had lost their property. In this situation how can be solved problem of poverty.
What is reason of failurness of Marxist Socialism. Marx started investigation of society on quality of labour. It was time when social scientist were following the natural scientist and developing the new theories and method in against of religious philosophy. But in process of development of dialectical materialism Marx projected the quality of nature over society and present theory of class struggle. Marx ignored the law of representation are working along with theory of class struggle. What happened in Russian and other countries where communist occupied the state. Class dictatorship converted in dictatorship of party and party dictatorship converted into dictatorship central leadership.
What happened in those countries occupied by communist revolution? They only replaced one elite class to another elite class and this contradiction derived the end of Marxist socialism. In other hand, the decade of 1970 became a revolutionary decade; Automation of production, Internet revolution, Banking industry, Consumer goods and loans were new trends that emerged in this decade. The hypotheses of Karl Marx of socialism was based on universal labour. Marx supposed in future as industry would grow heavy and labour would be intensive, may be cooperative movement will emerged and replaced the system capitalism to socialism. But in reality the co-oporation of Administrative labour and capital took place and corporate leadership and baking industry reversed the Marx's suppositions.
However, not it means Marxian philosophy had totally unvalid today. The approach to history and method of examination which Marx formulated and called dialectical materialism is still valid and need to further developed. It is note able point of history of materialism, the problem of metaphysics, is inheritance problem of materialism. To solve this problem my suggestion is to make difference within nature and society. Various Marxist scholars are confusing to quantam theory. The difference within Marxist materialism and materialism is also need to consider. The trend emerged after 1827 when social scientists fixe the quality of labour is a essence of development of history and started rewriting the history and history of philosophy.
However, We are thankful to Karl Marx for theory of dialectical materialism and Theory of surplus value and to Lenin for first socialist revolution.
May be someone is agree or not with Marxian philosophy, but it a fact of history Marxian philosophy is a mile stone of history of philosophy and Karl Marx & F. Engels are fathers of scientific socialism.
