WORLD AFTER MARX

Karl Marx (1818-83) and his collaborator F. Engels (1820-95) are getting rest in their graves. Almost one and quarter century has gone, in these years world has totally changed : Two  world wars, end of colonial system. origin of world institutions (UNO, WTO, World Bank etc),  emerging new trend of socialism in Latin American countries, Internet revolution, war against terrorism, Arab Spring, and world economic crisis are major characteristics of present.


Communist and Marxist movement extended with Russian Revolution (1917) and finally spread out all over the world after second world war. With construction of political, social, industrial institution, in newly free countries. Debate of philosophy which is known as debate within idealism and materialim  converted into Marxism and non Marxism and Capitalist and socialist thinking. A new component Leninism had combined with Marxism. Leninism and Marxism becomes the ideology of communist movement.


After 1990, with collapse of Communist Party rule in USSR and eastern European countries debate started about validity of Marxism. The debate would have been ended if in 2008 world economic crisis has not broken out. After extending of  world economic crisis Marxist philosophy became again center of debate .


Today's various literary and internal tendencies have emerged in Marxism. Let  me first clear three concepts : Marxian Thinking, Marxism and Communist. Meaning of Marxsian Thinking of orginal text of Karl Marx, Marxism stands for follower, and communist stands for a political movement. What is difference within a Marxist and a Communist? To be a Communist it is condition to get membership of any Communist Party, but to be a Marxist is a condition to agree with Karl Marx and V. Lenin. And what is relation within Marxism and Communist movement? Marxism is a theortical base of communist movement. The fundamental of Marxism is base on Marx's text, but not limited,


It is a condition to understand the Marxian philosophy to divide into two categories. If dialectical materialism and historical materialism and socialism is one side then Das capital is other side. Economics and socialism are contemporary sciences and other two are historical. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism is not bound to change according to the period but rest of two will change with time. Socialism is as concept of problem free society; an imagination of humans. But Marxian philosophy recognize the socialism as a political philosophy of communist movement.


Nowdays the contemporary part of Marxian thinking and his political philosophy has no relevance. No political party can win in election on ground of class struggle. The fundamental agents of civilization: scientification, industrialization, urbanization, migration, democratization, criminalisation and internationalisation are based on unification and diversification of quality of labour. Class straggle a form of conflict is as other types of conflicts are existing in society.


What Marx traced out a problem of exploitation in history and society is a real problem. But  what suggest the solution of problem failed to meet in reality. What is problem of human history? It is a serious contradiction of hauman history and society : production of  all social assets are part of division of labour and law or representation and distribution of social assets are part of theory of marriage and law of inheritance. Due to this reason richer are becoming richer and poorer are becoming poorer, generation to generation.

At present  in USA 40% children are getting birth out of wed-lock relations. Surely these children will not get any property in heirtance. No body knows name of father of these children and mothers are caring with assistance of state. In spite of this there is no political demands to stop the marriage and no social scientist has present any new theory. It is interesting fact of USA society elite class is efforting to realive the theory of marriage in poorer. In other hand, here in India, only those people who are living in slums, in megacities or capitals,  are most suffered people. They had lost their property. In this situation how can be solved problem of poverty.


What is reason of failurness of Marxist Socialism. Marx started investigation of society on quality of labour. It was time when social scientist were following the natural scientist and developing the new theories and method in against of religious philosophy. But in process of development of dialectical materialism Marx projected the quality of nature over society and present theory of class struggle. Marx ignored the law of representation are working along with theory of class struggle. What happened in Russian and other countries where communist occupied the state. Class dictatorship converted in dictatorship of party and party dictatorship converted into dictatorship central leadership.


What happened in those countries occupied by communist revolution? They only replaced one elite class to another elite class and this contradiction derived the end of Marxist socialism. In other hand, the decade of 1970 became a revolutionary decade; Automation of production, Internet revolution, Banking industry, Consumer goods and loans were new trends that emerged in this decade. The hypotheses of Karl Marx of socialism was based on universal labour. Marx supposed in future as industry would grow heavy and labour would be intensive, may be cooperative movement will emerged and replaced the system capitalism to socialism. But  in reality the co-oporation of Administrative labour and capital took place and corporate leadership and baking industry reversed the Marx's suppositions.


However, not it means Marxian philosophy had totally unvalid today. The approach to history and method of examination which Marx formulated and called dialectical materialism is still valid and need to further developed. It is note able point of history of materialism, the problem of metaphysics, is inheritance problem of materialism. To solve this problem my suggestion is to make difference within nature and society. Various Marxist scholars are confusing to quantam theory. The difference within Marxist materialism and materialism is also need to consider. The trend emerged after 1827 when social scientists fixe the quality of labour is a essence of development of history and started rewriting the history and history of philosophy.


However, We are thankful to Karl Marx for theory of dialectical materialism and Theory of surplus value and to Lenin for first socialist revolution.


May be someone is agree or not with Marxian philosophy, but it a fact of history Marxian philosophy  is a mile stone of history of philosophy and Karl Marx & F. Engels are fathers of scientific socialism.

WHAT IS SOCIETY

What is Society? From ages this question is attracting the scholars. Living in society is easy but understanding and defing the society is a serious question.


What kind of problem in way of definition?


First problem, society is occupied in space and time. its spread of land and has history.


The primary form of knowledge is empirical not scientific. Scienstification of knowledge  is job of scientists and philosophers


Third is: the world Society used by social groups frequently.


Fourth problem our peceptions about society become in porcess of reproduction on base of day by day practise. The elgiblity to understand the society on the law of decade and century a basic requirement for social scholars.


Fifth problem lies in moblity also. Society is not static, it is developing institutiona. All type of problems are complicated expression of motion of society. Problem free society in ancient imagination of human being and its effects to social knowledge and thinkers,


The last problem is what we think about religion. For me it is a process of reproduction of historical Knowledge. The religion is set of theories,  worship of nature, worship of historical books and forefathers. At some extant worship of forefathers is seems to nature of society, other two theories are false.


For philosophy and social sciences society is mobile and developing lower to upper state and simple to complicated states. As well as society is developing quantity of institutions are increasing and social behavior pattern are changing and complicating.


Not it means a person does not know society and scholars does not try to define it. Five Theories has been developed so far. Theory of God, Theory of Biology, Theory of population,  Theory of Class Struggle and Theory of Labour. This article support the Theory of Labour. In narrow sense understanding of  common man about society on ground of sex relation, blood relations, locality and professional affairs. 


After Industrial revolution and Democratic revolution, Scholars made efforts to define the society on Theory of Labour. The philosophy of Karl Marx also based on this quality of human being, But later Marx developed theory on class strggle and its have named Marxism. Now Marxist theory has falsifying, and political reforms are part of regular practice of communist countries.


Let's start to understand how many basic qualities has human being. Sex, Labour and Thinking are general qualities and nature is particular quality of human kind. Which divide the human into Nation, State and localities. Interaction within these quality produce the historical reality and law of development of history.


Division and interaction of sex produce the next generation to exist the society. In the process of development of society The Theory of Marriage and Law of Heirdity come first to regulate the develpmet of history. At the earlist of ninth century Scholars focused on Quality of labour and try to produce a new method of enquiry of history and society. Theory of Marriage or Theory of Population is working still. Population is increasing, But not any country is recognising its positive agent of development.


The essence of development of society is process of transformation of natural resources into social assests. This process leads the diversification and unification of labour one side and produces the questions of rights and duties within institutions and with in a institution. These process divide the society into professional community and there interaction became criteria to production and reproduction of martial goods and law of behavior individual and institutions


The Third Quality of human is knowledge. Diversity of knowledge or branches of knowledges are based on diversity of nature and history. Diversity of labour and nature produce the diversity of thing and branches of labour. It is estimated we have 140 branched of knowldge. Litrature or journalism to philosophy. Often categorize Natural Science, Social Sciences, Litrature and Arts. What is interrelation with in these. Litrature and arts make man sensitive and Sciences make man rational and logical.


Now we can restructure the society as following


Primary forms of Labour: Industry, State and Science
Industry : Agriculture, Mining, Sector of Production, Packing, Service, Information and transportion, Energy Etc.
Stater : All Political parties, Officers, and social workers
Acadimic : Journalism to Space sciences

Other way of restructing of society
Supose There only four categorize of people in nation
Mining and agring worker to Industrial Association
A Sarpanch to President of India
Journalist to Philosopher
Preacher to Religious teacher
What is interrelation within these categories
First group of people are empirical and practical and producing goods. 
Seconding group of people in managing the first groups and also itself.
Third category of people helping to both to theoretical and technical to to produce the goods and mange the tensions within institutions. including this question what is knowldge
and the forth category of people only reproducing the historical theories which are not relevant today 


Finally let me define the society : Society is sum of institutions which are based on division of sex organize on Division of Labour and leading by law of representatives. Society is not a unit. Who are interpreting society as a unit may be as very social worker or social scientist are thinking and imaging state less society. It is a anarchist political theory. 

What is Society


What is Society? From ages this question is attracting the scholars. Living in society is easy but understanding and defing the society is a serious question.


What kind of problem in way of definition?


First problem, society is occupied in space and time. its spread of land and has history.


The primary form of knowledge is empirical not scientific. Scienstification of knowledge  is job of scientists and philosophers


Third is: the world Society used by social groups frequently.


Fourth problem our peceptions about society become in porcess of reproduction on base of day by day practise. The elgiblity to understand the society on the law of decade and century a basic requirement for social scholars.


Fifth problem lies in moblity also. Society is not static, it is developing institutiona. All type of problems are complicated expression of motion of society. Problem free society in ancient imagination of human being and its effects to social knowledge and thinkers,


The last problem is what we think about religion. For me it is a process of reproduction of historical Knowledge. The religion is set of theories,  worship of nature, worship of historical books and forefathers. At some extant worship of forefathers is seems to nature of society, other two theories are false.


For philosophy and social sciences society is mobile and developing lower to upper state and simple to complicated states. As well as society is developing quantity of institutions are increasing and social behavior pattern are changing and complicating.


Not it means a person does not know society and scholars does not try to define it. Five Theories has been developed so far. Theory of God, Theory of Biology, Theory of population,  Theory of Class Struggle and Theory of Labour. This article support the Theory of Labour. In narrow sense understanding of  common man about society on ground of sex relation, blood relations, locality and professional affairs. 


After Industrial revolution and Democratic revolution, Scholars made efforts to define the society on Theory of Labour. The philosophy of Karl Marx also based on this quality of human being, But later Marx developed theory on class strggle and its have named Marxism. Now Marxist theory has falsifying, and political reforms are part of regular practice of communist countries.


Let's start to understand how many basic qualities has human being. Sex, Labour and Thinking are general qualities and nature is particular quality of human kind. Which divide the human into Nation, State and localities. Interaction within these quality produce the historical reality and law of development of history.


Division and interaction of sex produce the next generation to exist the society. In the process of development of society The Theory of Marriage and Law of Heirdity come first to regulate the develpmet of history. At the earlist of ninth century Scholars focused on Quality of labour and try to produce a new method of enquiry of history and society. Theory of Marriage or Theory of Population is working still. Population is increasing, But not any country is recognising its positive agent of development.


The essence of development of society is process of transformation of natural resources into social assests. This process leads the diversification and unification of labour one side and produces the questions of rights and duties within institutions and with in a institution. These process divide the society into professional community and there interaction became criteria to production and reproduction of martial goods and law of behavior individual and institutions


The Third Quality of human is knowledge. Diversity of knowledge or branches of knowledges are based on diversity of nature and history. Diversity of labour and nature produce the diversity of thing and branches of labour. It is estimated we have 140 branched of knowldge. Litrature or journalism to philosophy. Often categorize Natural Science, Social Sciences, Litrature and Arts. What is interrelation with in these. Litrature and arts make man sensitive and Sciences make man rational and logical.


Now we can restructure the society as following


Primary forms of Labour: Industry, State and Science
Industry : Agriculture, Mining, Sector of Production, Packing, Service, Information and transportion, Energy Etc.
Stater : All Political parties, Officers, and social workers
Acadimic : Journalism to Space sciences



Other way of restructing of society
Supose There only four categorize of people in nation
Mining and agring worker to Industrial Association
A Sarpanch to President of India
Journalist to Philosopher
Preacher to Religious teacher
What is interrelation within these categories
First group of people are empirical and practical and producing goods. 
Seconding group of people in managing the first groups and also itself.
Third category of people helping to both to theoretical and technical to to produce the goods and mange the tensions within institutions. including this question what is knowldge
and the forth category of people only reproducing the historical theories which are not relevant today 


Finally let me define the society : Society is sum of institutions which are based on division of sex organize on Division of Labour and leading by law of representatives. Society is not a unit. Who are interpreting society as a unit may be as very social worker or social scientist are thinking and imaging state less society. It is a anarchist political theory. 


Modern Civilization are based on these fundament factors. Scientificazion, Industrialization, Urbanization. Democratization, Migration, Crimanlization, Nationalization and Globalization. Someone who have capable to understand the inter-relations within these agents can interpret the phenomenon and processes of any country to regard the state of development.

Nation : State and Society

All of us come into being by interrelation of male and female on earth. In remote past, when man separates to animals and learnt fire, making tools, animals keeping and agriculture, socially man divided into, Gotras, Castes, Tribes and Kutumbs, in process of changing natural resources into social assets: The question of management of properties leads the theory of marriage and law of hierarchy. This Theory and law became first theory and law of development of history of human kind and controlled all sphere of public life. The son of a farmer became a farmer. Sons of a priest became priest and son of king become king etc. It was a first theory of nation, state and society.


In the second phase of development when philosophy appears, influenced people and state, philosophers tried to define the nation state and society. The Buddha, Christianity, Islam, Marx, and other philosopher answered the question of nation and nationality.

Third phase starts with development of technology and colonial system. Boundaries of all most countries fixed after second world war, In India we are wittiness how Britain occupied India in 17th century, defeat to local rulers, make a country and 1947 restructured the continent. Today, with disputes of boundaries with neighboring countries India is modern nation.

Despite of all these theories Theory of Birth is the fundamental theory of nation and nationality A child born in which given county is bound the live and play his/her role according to historical status of a country.


State and Society


Law of representative also origin in remote past. But come into practices and become law of state after industrial revolution and democratic revolution. Now days state is a administrative body of society. The major function of state to resolve disputes with in individual and institutions, punish the criminals, save the boundaries of nation, make plan of development of country as a whole etc. The other hand society is " Total of institutions which are based of sex relations and practising under theory of division of labour and law of represantatives. Society is not a unite. It is a illusion of social scienticists and social worker. This illusion lead the theory of anarchism and terrorism and they claimed the state is enemy of society. The Anarchists theories normally can be traced, stateless society, classless society, problem free society. This illusion is not only part of empirical thinker it is also part of Marxist philosophy and Marxism. It is a fantastic fact for me every type of anarchism and so-called humanitarianism is result of simplification of complex of development of history and structure of society.

State and Law


It is a basic difference within state and society or social instructions. State runs by law and society or social institutions run by traditions. The permanent problem of state is the process individualization of law. This precess leads to state weak and shabby. Due to this reason maximum energy of state lost to organize itself. Law of state implement over society very leaser. Though laws are expression of tradition this or that way. However, Innovation and liberalization, Democratization of society also influence on state. To protect modern institute it is necessary for state to struggle against traditional and anarchist groups. In our time it became a major charactestics of state to establish new departments to protect and promote innovation to pace the development of society and other hand state is bound to cooperate with social worker to implements the. These are emerging two new characteristics of state. In China Government has employed 20 million social worker to impliment the law.


State and Classes

Not only a market of common goods exists in society; market of entertainment and luxury goods also parallel moves within society. The market of luxury good not only changes the outlook toward life, divides society into classes and produce the elite class. Hence it becomes duty of state to save the interest of elite class. It is fact, the times whatever that may elite entertain their status ever and leads the social institution. Until historical situations remain same, the system works. As the situations change, what may be causes, historical or natural, civil war, revolution and change of government takes place.


State and Crime


Development has not only positive impact over society. It has also negative impact. Which has got benefit to development those persons and groups behave positively, and which face negative impact of development they behave negatively? All forms of negative behavior express it in a crime and death rate. Nowadays child crime is a emerging tendency


A historical Contradiction


It is a historical contradiction of human society and thinking. The social production is following the theory of Division of labour and law of representatives but redistribution of profit following the theory of marriage and law of inheritance. Thus richer are becoming richer and poor are becoming poorer generation to generation. This contradiction leads the social political and economic crises through the history of human kind.

Man and Culture

Man is a product of nature and culture is product of man. In the process of transform the natural resources into social assets, nature effects human sensation, to adjust with these influences man produce the culture. Culture is a basic dividing line between man and nature. So, man is not only a natural being it is also a cultural being.

The man is living is place and place is dividing into nations, states, locality, and nations are also dividing into Megacities. Towns and villages, as well as man is living in time, man has history, and time is divided into past, present, future, seconds, minutes, hours, day, week, months, years and centuries. Division of labours, and branches of knowledge, division of sex and ages are other type of division within man. Thus there are various forms of culture and understanding about it. In simple words culture is all type of norms, disciplines of behavior, traditions, symbols and in narrow sense litrature, arts, sciences are part of culture.


Due to diverse forms of culture it is difficult to define. Presently we are living in age of industry. Scientification, Industrialization, Urbanization, Democratization, Migrations are internal process of industrialization. Nationalization and internationalization of culture is also a great characteristics of our age. English had become second language of man. Science and technical revolution, internet revolution are speeding the globalization. It is possible in coming future various local culture will be part of history as in the process of development various spices, languages, and tribals had buried in history.


To understand the culture; if we divide mankind in two category, Senior and Junior. The meaning of culture how senior generation teach to junior what is right and wrong and what can we do and can't do. This is also part of question how senior make difference in good and bad. A human and nature changes in relationship, the meaning of right and wrong also changes. This changing are express development of culture.


Though development of culture totally depend on development of material production but both sides never develop over same rate. the reason is the system of reproduction of knowledge convert in dogmatism and terrorism. These two pattern of knowledge affects the development of culture. Second reason is culture is part of material production. it has no self existence. As existance of man depend on existance of nature thus existance of culture depend on material production of society. The gap between material production and cultural production come out of forms of social tension, crime and violence.


It is a great question what decent human can be made? It means is it possible to make society free of crime. I don't think it is possible. Why I am not thinking so. In our age Literature is a primary form of knowledge. and social science have no claim to solve the problem of society. May Be in coming centuries it would possible, But we are not in this position

NATURE AND MAN

Man is the best masterpiece of nature. Best performer! Because Man is only intelligent being in known world and form of life. In remote past may be; the human was a product of nature: but today they become master of nature. How it happened? In struggle to existence and development man learns organized labor and thinking, therefore, not only human beings separated to animals, also became the Master of nature and their own future.


Billions years ago; A solar storm caused (approximately 15 billion years) origin of our solar system. The Earth formed 4.7 billion years earlier. Life starts on Earth nearly 3 billion years. Man developed to apes and separate to elder 100 thousand years ago. Nearly 50 thousand years earlier, invention of fire, axe, and with learning agriculture, hunting and petting animals man starts journey of civilization and continue so far. Nowadays, our generation is witness & actor of time.


What are criteria of relationship between man and nature? Technology! Technology is special product of practice & scientific knowledge. The invention of fire and axe were base of former civilizations and invention of Telescope, steam, electricity, Microscopic tools are base of industrial civilizations. May be someone knows or not the diversity of nature produces the diversity of technology, technology extends the branches of labour. Branches of labour products the branches of thinking and thinking produce the various law of sexual behaviour. It is essence of development of human history and civilization. As we know man has three basic qualities: Labour, knowledge and sex

In the process of development man convert the natural resources into social assets and Social assets converting man to a cultural being. The whole practice of mankind develops technology to convert natural resources into social assents and develop norms of social behaviour to adjust with nature directly and indirectly. Normally goods are known by its economic value, but goods have also moral, social and artistic value. Thus, every century known by its particular, structure, theories and laws.


This is one side of man nature relation. Second side is, man own nature. Human beings also growing under nature of law. Sex with in male and female, bearing and rearing children, ages, generations life and death is also part of nature. Certainly all these phenomenon are taking place with individual- neither as a cast -human being. In past, due to high birth rate man existing today. Even the natural disasters, wares, starvation, epidemics were part of their fate. Decided life is the process of catabolism until it goes on the person is living, person died when it interrupted. The growth of population is also an important part of social development.

What are difference and similarity within man and nature?


Forms of Nature: Earth, space, oceans, rivers, forests and other forms of life
Forms of man: Male and Female
Quality of Nature: Solid, Liquid and gas
Quality of Man: Labour, sex and thinking
Mobility of nature: Natural disasters and all type of seasons
Mobility of man
Mobility based land: Capitals, Metropolitan, Cities, Town, and Villages
Biological Mobility: Child age, young age, old age
Social mobility: Upper Class, Middle Class, Lower Class
Mobility of Thinking: Science, Literature and Religion or Liberalism, Dogmatism and Terrorism


Relationship between man and nature on a turning point. Climate Change, Global Economic crisis, Democratic revolutions in Arab Countries and political reforms in Communist countries are major characteristics of our time. Some scholars are speculating we are heading third World War. I cannot predict what would be that if third world war breaks out. Normally historical crisis are expressions of historical contradictions and has potentials to next stage of progress. But in context of world war we can't not state as a progressive events.

Origin of Earth and life over earth is part of Sun-Earth relations. Astronomers tell us the life of earth up to 4 Billion years to 10 Billion years remains. However, if ever it happens there will be no one to raise this question of how the Earth's and life on earth end of.

Society, State and Family

Society is complete of institutions that origins by theory of division of labor and law of representative. Society is not a unit. Not only common man, social workers, and scholars misunderstand the society as a unit. In broad sense society is union of Industrial Organizations, Trade Unions, Farmer Unions, Professional Institutions and self-entrepreneur. In narrow sense it is explained as community, civilian group and communal Organizations. Society is an internal institution within State and Family.


The state is Major Powerful and professional administrative organization of society. State not only fixes the boundaries of a society also secure these boundaries. Morever's state play major role to unite society, prevent to crime, making policies of development, resolves disputes within institutions and individuals. State also set the relationship with other countries and exercise the code of behavior for state administration, employs and people.


The family is a basic organization of society. Which based on the Theory of marriage and law of hierarchy. It is institution where society or community allows to husband and wife as a man and woman to satisfy their sexual desires and whereby man produces by man. Family is first institution to socialize the children and caring the members of family. Old age persons and after death of a man burial procession held in family by customs. Including blood relationship: family is basic security pillar with in society.


What criteria are of inter relation within society, state and family. Crime! The growth has usually play positive role in society, though it has also negative characteristic. The growth who affects positive those people behave positively and others behave in negative manner. All types of negative behavior come in form of crimes and trend of suicide. Because state is responsible to maintain peace and order in society, so state work against criminals. Criminals are also born and grow in family. Due to this reason family reacts against state.


The second reason is worsening state family relation is democracy and secularism.
Democratic state depends on election system. Thus right of voting dilutes the right of family on members. Secularism is also provoke to communal organizations against state think as enemy of society


The third reason that worsening society state family relation is liberals, Traditionalist, and anarchists. All these are natural product of historical thinking.


State has relation with past up to a century. Society up to two to three centuries and thinking influence by past up to three to five centuries.


All these are natural quality of society, state and family and the surrounding social environment is natural integration of these qualities. In simple words human kind is a product of nature and progressing according to law of nature.

A Reflection



Supose there is a nation in form of dmostration. How it is going? In first row occupied by Natural scientists. After then political workers, Industialists, farmers and workers are moving. Subsequently; Traders and retailers are afterwards. Criminal & beggers are following them. Supporting them the Journilst, Literary workers, and artists. Social Scientists are lagging behind and at last our honorable Dharmgurus are bittering.

It is an image of a nation. Name is not my concerns.


Thanks for reading


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